CopernicusAI Β· Gary Welz Β· CUNY Graduate Center

CopernicusAI β€” an AI-powered engine for transforming literature, analysis and experimentation into scientific knowledge

πŸ“‹ Summary

CopernicusAI is a working research prototype: scouts, embedding and a query interface run in production against three engines — GLMP (biology), ATAP (mathematics) and TDAP (topological data analysis, early stage). The architecture is domain-agnostic by design: what makes a field's engine is which literature its scouts watch and which flowcharts its researchers build, not a rewrite of the platform underneath. A new podcast briefing is generated only after at least three papers have been confirmed to exist in a registry (arXiv, PubMed or Crossref), and its reference list is built by code from those confirmed records. Quality scores and paradigm-shift notes are heuristic or model-generated, and are marked as such under Current Limitations.

The Research Tools Dashboard is a prototype web interface (first deployed December 2025) for exploring the knowledge graph, vector search, RAG question answering and content browsing. What is not yet verified or not yet built is listed plainly in the Current Limitations section.

πŸ—οΈ Knowledge Engine Architecture

CopernicusAI is organized in six tiers. A researcher works within a specific frontier — GLMP (biology), ATAP (mathematics) or TDAP (topological data analysis, early stage) — using the Knowledge Base UI as their instrument: the microscope they focus on that frontier, backed by Methods & Tools (the Programming Framework and its demonstration flowcharts). What they produce — podcasts, written papers — becomes new Resources, alongside metadata that Scouts bring in from the wider paper universe. A resource only becomes retrievable knowledge once it passes through Embedding, the gate between "exists in the collection" and "answerable by the Knowledge Base UI." That is the loop that makes this an engine rather than a pipeline: what a researcher produces today becomes what the next researcher finds tomorrow.

graph LR subgraph FRONTIER["πŸ”¬ Researcher's frontier β€” GLMP, ATAP or TDAP"] R["Researcher"] end KBUI["<b>Knowledge Base UI</b><br/>the microscope<br/>graphs Β· RAG Β· search"] MT["<b>Methods & Tools</b><br/>Programming Framework<br/>demo flowcharts"] PROD["<b>Products</b><br/>podcasts Β· written papers"] RES["<b>Resources</b><br/>papers Β· videos Β· charts<br/>(the collection)"] SCOUTS["<b>Scouts</b><br/>continuous search agents"] ACAD[("Academic databases<br/>PubMed<br/>bioRxiv / medRxiv<br/>arXiv (failing)")] EMBED["<b>Embedding</b><br/>the gate"] R -->|uses| MT R -->|produces| PROD PROD -->|become| RES SCOUTS -->|search| ACAD ACAD -->|metadata| RES RES -->|EMBEDDING<br/>makes findable| EMBED EMBED -->|embedded resources| KBUI KBUI -->|researcher views<br/>papers, videos, charts| R classDef frontier fill:#fdf1e2,stroke:#e8850c,stroke-width:2px,color:#1a1c22 classDef ui fill:#e6f3fa,stroke:#1f8bc0,stroke-width:2px,color:#1a1c22 classDef tool fill:#e6f3fa,stroke:#1f8bc0,stroke-width:2px,color:#1a1c22 classDef product fill:#e8f6ee,stroke:#2e9e5b,stroke-width:2px,color:#1a1c22 classDef resource fill:#fdeef2,stroke:#d1476b,stroke-width:2px,color:#1a1c22 classDef gate fill:#f3ecf7,stroke:#7b3fa0,stroke-width:3px,color:#1a1c22 class R frontier class KBUI ui class MT tool class PROD product class RES,SCOUTS,ACAD resource class EMBED gate

Figure: the researcher-workflow loop β€” what makes CopernicusAI an engine, not a pipeline.

πŸ“₯ Scouts & Ingestion

Scouts run twice daily against PubMed and bioRxiv/medRxiv. arXiv acquisition is currently failing because the arXiv API is rate-limiting requests (see Current Limitations). A NASA ADS harvester exists in the repository but has contributed no papers. Scouts add metadata to Resources alongside products (podcasts, papers, videos) from the researcher's own work.

βš™οΈ Embedding β€” the gate

A resource becomes retrievable knowledge only once it is vectorized into the shared corpus (Firestore + GCS) with an OpenAI embedding model. Not stored — findable. Embedded records: loading….

πŸ” Query & Output

Multiple access interfaces including RAG queries, vector search, knowledge graph visualization, API endpoints, and web interfaces, converging to unified knowledge output.

How processing works internally

The headline diagram above is the researcher's loop. Internally, ingested material moves through three parallel modality lanes before converging at the same Embedding gate:

graph TD subgraph ING["β‘  Ingestion"] SCOUTS2["<b>Scouts</b><br/>continuous search agents"] ACAD2[("Academic databases (literature)<br/>PubMed<br/>bioRxiv / medRxiv<br/>arXiv (failing)")] INTAKE["Products & manual intake<br/>podcasts Β· papers Β· videos"] RAW["Raw material ingested"] end SCOUTS2 -->|search| ACAD2 ACAD2 --> RAW INTAKE --> RAW subgraph PROC["β‘‘ Processing β€” by modality"] RAW --> PAPERS["<b>Papers</b><br/>extract entities<br/>β†’ structured metadata"] RAW --> MEDIA["<b>Media</b><br/>transcribe Β· parse<br/>β†’ structured text"] RAW --> CHARTS["<b>Process charts</b><br/>extract logic<br/>β†’ Mermaid + metadata"] PAPERS --> EMBED2["<b>Embedding β€” the gate</b><br/>vectorize all modalities<br/>into one shared corpus"] MEDIA --> EMBED2 CHARTS --> EMBED2 end EMBED2 --> KB2[("<b>Knowledge Base</b><br/>corpus + embeddings<br/>Firestore + GCS")] subgraph QRY["β‘’ Query β€” retrieval over the corpus"] KB2 --> VS[Vector search] KB2 --> RAG2["RAG / question answering"] KB2 --> KG[Knowledge graph] KB2 --> BR[Content browse] end VS --> UI2["<b>Knowledge Base UI</b><br/>the researcher's microscope"] RAG2 --> UI2 KG --> UI2 BR --> UI2 classDef ingest fill:#fdeef2,stroke:#d1476b,stroke-width:2px,color:#1a1c22 classDef process fill:#e6f3fa,stroke:#1f8bc0,stroke-width:2px,color:#1a1c22 classDef gate fill:#f3ecf7,stroke:#7b3fa0,stroke-width:3px,color:#1a1c22 classDef storage fill:#fdf1e2,stroke:#e8850c,stroke-width:2px,color:#1a1c22 classDef query fill:#e8f6ee,stroke:#2e9e5b,stroke-width:2px,color:#1a1c22 classDef ui fill:#e6f3fa,stroke:#1f8bc0,stroke-width:3px,color:#1a1c22 class SCOUTS2,ACAD2,INTAKE,RAW ingest class PAPERS,MEDIA,CHARTS process class EMBED2 gate class KB2 storage class VS,RAG2,KG,BR query class UI2 ui

Figure: how processing works internally β€” three modality lanes converging at Embedding, then fanning out to the same Knowledge Base UI as the headline diagram.

Three engines, one architecture

Rather than one large index spread thin, the architecture is tested where it has been pointed at a real frontier. Each engine owns a set of declared research questions; its count below is the number of papers tagged to those questions, which is a smaller and sharper number than "papers in general". Counts are read live from the published status file.

🧬

GLMP — biology

Genome Logic Modeling Project: regulatory circuits modeled as logic-gate flowcharts, with a process-chart database.

loading… papers tagged to GLMP's questions

Process charts: loading… · biology papers corpus-wide: loading…

Explore GLMP →
πŸ“

ATAP — mathematics

Axiomatic Theories, Algorithms and Proofs: algorithms, axiomatic theories and proof structure modeled as dependency graphs.

loading… papers tagged to ATAP's questions

Process charts: loading… · mathematics papers corpus-wide: loading…

Explore ATAP →
πŸ”­

TDAP — topological data analysis

Topological Data Analysis Project: a hosted engine built with an outside domain collaborator, on persistent cohomology and circular/toroidal coordinates. Early stage.

loading… papers tagged to TDAP's questions

No process-chart database yet.

TDAP repository →

Engine counts come from the status file's papers_by_initiative and process_databases fields. A paper's discipline is a different axis from the engine whose questions it is tagged to, so the two numbers differ. Scouts tuned to each engine's research frontier, rather than to its broad discipline, are in development.

Prior Work & Current Status

Current state

CopernicusAI is a research prototype exploring AI-generated audio briefings as an interface for assisted scientific research. Listening is public at copernicusai.fyi.

Podcast generation is currently limited to allowlisted subscribers, each with a monthly quota. A request that cannot find enough confirmed sources fails with a notice rather than publishing unverified references.

Planned, not built: open generation for any user, iterative question refinement through a conversational interface, and collectively generated and shared research artifacts grounded in scientific sources.

What this work demonstrates today:

  • • AI-assisted research briefing and orientation, with source-confirmed references
  • • Integration of text, audio and metadata in research workflows

Current Implementation (October 2026)

The Research Tools Dashboard is a prototype deployed to Google Cloud Run (its page responded when last checked on 2026-10-20), offering knowledge-graph visualization, vector search, RAG queries and content browsing. It has not been through a formal evaluation.

See the "Knowledge Engine Ecosystem" section below for details.

🎯 Mission & Methodology

Inspired by Nicolaus Copernicus's evidence-based challenge to accepted knowledge, CopernicusAI builds instruments for observing humanity's collective scientific knowledge — a growing index of research papers, regulatory and logical process flowcharts, and AI-generated podcast briefings in a single queryable knowledge graph. GLMP (biology) and ATAP (mathematics) are the two engines with process-chart databases; TDAP (topological data analysis) is a hosted engine at an early stage. A new briefing requires at least three papers confirmed to exist in a registry, and its references are built by code from those records; quality scores and paradigm-shift notes are heuristic or model-generated. The Copernican ethos applies to the platform itself: a marked limit is a finding, so limits are listed below.

🧩 CopernicusAI Knowledge Engine

An integrated ecosystem of research and collaboration tools designed to assist scientists in their workflow, from research discovery through knowledge synthesis to multi-format content generation. View Public Project Interface β†’

πŸŽ™οΈ

CopernicusAI Podcast Generation

Synthesis & distribution platform for AI-powered research briefing podcast generation

Visit Website β†’
πŸ› οΈ

Programming Framework

Foundational meta-tool for universal process analysis across disciplines

Explore β†’
πŸ“š

Research Paper Database

Core data infrastructure for research paper metadata and citation networks

Explore β†’
🎬

Science Video Database

Catalog of research-related science videos

Explore →
πŸ—ΊοΈ

Research Tools Dashboard

Prototype web interface for the knowledge graph, vector search, RAG queries and content browsing

Live prototype →

🌟 Core Platform Capabilities

πŸŽ™οΈ

AI-Powered Podcast Generation

Multi-voice AI podcasts of about 5–10 minutes that synthesize research papers. Generation is currently open to allowlisted subscribers only, each with a monthly quota. A subscriber can submit their episode to the public RSS feed; controls for private episode access are being rolled out in stages and are not yet complete.

What runs today:

  • ✓ Multi-speaker dialogue with ElevenLabs text-to-speech
  • ✓ AI-generated cover images (OpenAI gpt-image-1)
  • ✓ RSS feed distribution
  • ✓ Relevance gate: papers below an embedding-similarity threshold are dropped
  • ✓ Heuristic 0–10 research-quality score (not a validated measure)
  • ✓ Model-generated paradigm-shift notes (not independently validated)

Research integration:

  • ✓ At least three papers must be confirmed to exist in arXiv, PubMed or Crossref before generation proceeds (Zenodo records do not count toward the minimum)
  • ✓ Reference lists built by code from the confirmed records, not written by the model
  • ✓ Retrieval clients for PubMed, arXiv (with an OpenAlex fallback), Zenodo, bioRxiv, CORE, NASA ADS, news and YouTube; how reliably each one runs today is not measured here
  • ✓ Interdisciplinary connections: model-generated, not validated
  • ⏳ Source-verification metrics are being re-measured; no figure is claimed here until they are
πŸ€–

Models in use

What the production service calls today:

Models:

  • • Google Gemini 2.5 (Flash, with Pro as fallback) — podcast script generation
  • • OpenAI — embeddings (text-embedding-3-small), RAG answers (gpt-4o-mini by default) and cover images (gpt-image-1)
  • • ElevenLabs — multi-voice text-to-speech

Vertex AI is disabled in production. No Anthropic model is called by the production service.

Capabilities:

  • • Multi-paper analysis and synthesis
  • • Vector search and RAG over the shared corpus
  • • Reference building from confirmed registry records
  • • Model-generated paradigm-shift notes (experimental)
πŸ“Š

Research Resource Access

The corpus holds loading… papers, acquired through the scouts below. Sizes of the external databases are not claimed here.

Source status:

  • ✓ PubMed/NCBI — scout runs twice daily
  • ✓ bioRxiv/medRxiv — scout runs twice daily
  • ⚠ arXiv — acquisition currently failing (the arXiv API is rate-limiting requests); a replacement via arXiv's OAI-PMH harvesting interface is planned
  • ⚠ NASA ADS — harvester exists, no papers acquired
  • • Crossref — used to confirm and enrich records

Used at generation time only (not scouted into the corpus):

  • • Zenodo, CORE
  • • News API, YouTube Data API
πŸŽ™οΈ

Audio and Video Podcast Production

Audio podcast system: generation for allowlisted subscribers and distribution through one public RSS feed, which Spotify, Apple Podcasts and YouTube read.

Audio capabilities running today:

  • ✓ Multi-voice AI podcast generation
  • ✓ Research-driven content creation from confirmed sources
  • ✓ RSS feed distribution
  • ⏳ Private episode access: pending (staged rollout)

Video Production (planned, Phase 2+):

None of the following is built:

  • • Visual Content Integration: automated extraction from papers, web scraping, JSON database integration
  • • Dynamic Visualizations: scientific animations, real-time charts, LaTeX rendering
  • • External Video Quoting: YouTube segment extraction with attribution and fair-use compliance
  • • Advanced Composition: multi-layer video, auto subtitles, text overlays, professional transitions

See: Science Video Database — companion project for research video content management.

πŸ“š

Research Papers Metadata Database

A centralized metadata repository (not a file archive) of structured records. Scouts bring in metadata from PubMed and bioRxiv/medRxiv; embedding is what turns a stored record into retrievable knowledge.

Structured records:

  • • DOI, arXiv ID, source and publication info
  • • Abstracts
  • • Discipline and engine-question tags
  • • Embedding vector (OpenAI)

Access:

  • • Public read API for browsing and single-paper lookup (see API section)
  • • Vector search and RAG over the corpus

Planned, not claimed as running:

  • • Citation networks and cross-references
  • • Paradigm-shift indicators and quality scores stored per paper
  • • Entity extraction (genes, proteins, compounds, equations) across the full corpus

By the numbers

loading…
Research Papers
Indexed corpus-wide (Firestore)
loading…
Process charts (PF)
Sum of six process-chart families
loading…
Videos
Science videos in the catalog
loading…
Podcasts
Published episodes

Loading live counts from knowledge-engine-status.json…

Part of the GLMP research program — huggingface.co/spaces/garywelz/glmp

βš™οΈ Technology Stack

AI & Machine Learning

  • • Google Gemini 2.5 (script generation)
  • • OpenAI (embeddings, RAG answers, cover images)
  • • ElevenLabs TTS

Backend Infrastructure

  • • FastAPI (Python)
  • • Google Cloud Run
  • • Firestore (NoSQL)
  • • Cloud Storage
  • • Cloud Functions (GLMP suggestion and feedback intake)
  • • Secret Manager

Frontend

  • • Next.js 15
  • • Alpine.js (subscriber dashboard)
  • • Tailwind CSS
  • • Vercel

πŸ” Limitations & Future Directions

Current Limitations

  • • arXiv acquisition currently failing (the arXiv API is rate-limiting requests), so no new arXiv papers are arriving; a replacement via arXiv's OAI-PMH harvesting interface is planned. The arXiv records already in the corpus are not re-checked.
  • • Thin source coverage: the scouts that run are PubMed and bioRxiv/medRxiv. NASA ADS has contributed no papers. The corpus is therefore weighted toward biology.
  • • Verification metrics are being re-measured: how often a cited source is confirmed and relevant has no published figure here until the re-measurement finishes.
  • • Generation is not open: only allowlisted subscribers can generate podcasts, within a monthly quota. Private episode access is pending.
  • • Heuristic and model-generated scores: the research-quality score is a heuristic; paradigm-shift notes and interdisciplinary connections are written by a model and are not independently validated.
  • • LLM accuracy: generated content relies on LLM accuracy; requiring three confirmed sources and a relevance gate reduces but does not eliminate errors.
  • • Update cycle: the corpus updates on scheduled scout and ingest cycles (twice daily), not in real time; counts above are as of the date shown.
  • • Engine maturity: TDAP is at an early stage; engine-specific scouts are in development.
  • • Language: the corpus is English-language research papers.

Planned (not built)

  • • arXiv through OAI-PMH: a replacement harvesting route via arXiv's OAI-PMH interface
  • • Engine-tuned scouts: scouts aimed at each engine's research frontier
  • • Private episode access for subscribers
  • • Per-paper entity extraction, citation networks and stored quality scores
  • • Advanced video features: dynamic visualizations, animations and multi-layer composition
  • • Multi-language support: non-English research papers
  • • Enhanced validation: peer review mechanisms and user feedback integration

πŸ”¬ Collaborative Research Tools

Collaborative Research Tools

These platforms enable collective participation and collaboration across diverse user communities:

  • • Researchers — the engines' researchers work with the Knowledge Base UI on their frontier
  • • Subscribers — allowlisted subscribers prompt and generate podcasts; sharing through the public RSS feed
  • • Community — suggestions and feedback on GLMP flowcharts are collected through cloud functions; open comment and collaborative editing are planned

Like a microscope enables observation of the microscopic world, these tools enable observation and exploration of humanity's collective knowledge.

Key Design Points

  • • Three confirmed sources before a briefing is generated
  • • References built by code from registry records
  • • Relevance gate on confirmed papers
  • • Multiple expertise levels
  • • Limits stated alongside claims

πŸ“š Prior Work & Research Contributions

Overview

This platform represents prior work that demonstrates foundational research and development achievements in AI-powered scientific knowledge synthesis, collaborative research tools, and multi-modal content generation. These contributions establish the technical foundation and proof-of-concept for the broader CopernicusAI Knowledge Engine initiative.

πŸ”¬ Research Contributions

  • • AI-Powered Research Synthesis: multi-source research synthesis using LLMs, gated on confirmed sources
  • • Multi-Model Architecture: Gemini 2.5 for scripts, OpenAI for embeddings, RAG and images, ElevenLabs for voice
  • • Subscriber generation: allowlisted, quota-limited generation with submission to a public feed
  • • Knowledge Engine Integration: architecture for Research Papers DB, Video DB, the GLMP, ATAP and TDAP engines, and the Programming Framework

βš™οΈ Technical Achievements

  • • loading… papers in the corpus, with loading… embedded
  • • loading… published episodes
  • • Production deployment: live public read API and RSS distribution
  • • Architecture: serverless services on Google Cloud Run

🎯 Position Within CopernicusAI Knowledge Engine

This platform serves as the core synthesis and distribution component of the CopernicusAI Knowledge Engine. The Knowledge Engine is an integrated ecosystem of research and collaboration tools that work together to assist scientists in their workflow, from research discovery through knowledge synthesis to multi-format content generation.

Current Components:

  • 1. CopernicusAI (this platform) — core synthesis & distribution
  • 2. Programming Framework — foundational meta-tool
  • 3. GLMP, ATAP, TDAP — the three engines
  • 4. Research Paper Metadata Database — data infrastructure
  • 5. Science Video Database — video catalog

Future Development:

The Knowledge Engine is designed to grow and evolve. Additional tools, databases, and collaboration components will be added as the project develops, expanding capabilities for AI-assisted scientific research and knowledge discovery.

πŸ“– Citation Information

For grant proposals:

Welz, G. (2024–2026). CopernicusAI: Knowledge Engine for Scientific Discovery.

Hugging Face Space. https://huggingface.co/spaces/garywelz/copernicusai

Live Platform: https://www.copernicusai.fyi

BibTeX Format:

@misc{welz2025copernicusai,
  title={CopernicusAI: Knowledge Engine for Scientific Discovery},
  author={Welz, Gary},
  year={2024--2026},
  url={https://huggingface.co/spaces/garywelz/copernicusai},
  note={Hugging Face Space, Live Platform: https://www.copernicusai.fyi}
}

πŸ“Š Data Availability Statement

Platform Access

Data & Code Availability

  • β€’ Hugging Face Spaces: All components accessible at https://huggingface.co/garywelz (opens in new tab)
  • β€’ Process Flowcharts (GLMP): JSON files stored in Google Cloud Storage, accessible via GLMP Database Table (opens in new tab)
  • • Research Paper Metadata: loading… indexed papers, browsable through the public read API and the Research Tools Dashboard
  • β€’ API Documentation: RESTful API endpoints available for programmatic access (see API Documentation section)

Reproducibility Information

  • β€’ Technology Stack: All technologies and versions documented in Technology Stack section
  • • LLM Models: Google Gemini 2.5, OpenAI (text-embedding-3-small, gpt-4o-mini, gpt-image-1), ElevenLabs TTS
  • • Source Citations: reference lists are built by code from papers confirmed in arXiv, PubMed or Crossref; episodes generated before that change may differ
  • • Metadata: episode and paper metadata are browsable through the public read API
  • • License: MIT License — see license information in space metadata

How to Cite This Work

Welz, G. (2024–2026). CopernicusAI: AI-Generated Audio Briefings as a Research Interface.
Hugging Face Spaces. https://huggingface.co/spaces/garywelz/copernicusai

BibTeX Format:

@misc{welz2025copernicusai,
  title={CopernicusAI: AI-Generated Audio Briefings as a Research Interface},
  author={Welz, Gary},
  year={2024--2026},
  url={https://huggingface.co/spaces/garywelz/copernicusai},
  note={Hugging Face Space}
}

🌐 Grant Support & Collaboration

Grant Applications

NSF

NSF proposal pending.

Collaboration Opportunities

  • β€’ Integration with academic institutions
  • β€’ Partnership with research organizations
  • β€’ Open data initiatives
  • β€’ Educational program development

πŸ”— Live Platform & Resources

🧩 Knowledge Engine Components

The CopernicusAI Knowledge Engine is an integrated ecosystem of research and collaboration tools. The Research Tools Dashboard is a prototype (first deployed December 2025) with a web interface to the other components.

Research Tools Dashboard (prototype)

Web interface with knowledge graph visualization, vector search, RAG queries and content browsing over loading… papers.

Public Project Interface β†’ (opens in new tab)
Research Tools Dashboard β†’ (opens in new tab)

πŸ”Œ Public API

Base URL: https://copernicus-podcast-api-phzp4ie2sq-uc.a.run.app

Content

  • GET /api/content/stats
  • GET /api/content/browse
  • GET /api/papers/{paper_id}

Search and questions

  • GET /api/vector-search/semantic
  • GET /api/rag/answer
  • GET /health

πŸ“ Example request

GET /api/content/browse?content_type=podcasts&limit=1

πŸ“€ Example response (abridged)

{
  "content_type": "podcasts",
  "items": [
    {
      "id": "ever-phys-250034",
      "title": "3I/ATLAS: Unveiling the Secrets of Interstellar Comets and the Origins of Planetary Systems",
      "type": "podcast",
      "metadata": {
        "duration": "5:32",
        "category": "Physics",
        "slug": "ever-phys-250034",
        "episode_link": "https://copernicusai.fyi/episodes/ever-phys-250034"
      }
    }
  ],
  "pagination": { "page": 1, "limit": 1, "total": 39, "pages": 39 }
}

Recorded 2026-10-20; the total changes as episodes are published.

πŸ” Access

The endpoints listed here are read-only and need no credentials. Routes that write, generate podcasts or administer the service require credentials and are not documented here.

⚑ Limits

/api/rag/answer allows 20 requests per hour per client address. No general rate limit or API-key quota is published for the other endpoints.

πŸ“š Stability

The API is under active development and has no versioning or backward-compatibility guarantee. Machine-readable definitions are served at /openapi.json.